The thyroid may be a small gland, but it plays a big role in your overall health. Located in the front of your neck, the thyroid produces hormones that regulate metabolism, energy, and even mood. When the thyroid isn’t working properly, it can lead to a variety of health concerns.
In this article, we’ll explore the most common thyroid diseases, their symptoms, how they are diagnosed, and the treatment options available.
What Is Thyroid Disease?
Thyroid disease refers to any condition that affects the thyroid gland’s ability to produce the right amount of hormones. Too much hormone production (hyperthyroidism) or too little (hypothyroidism) can disrupt your body’s balance. Other thyroid conditions include thyroid nodules, goiter, and thyroid cancer.
Common Symptoms of Thyroid Disease
Thyroid problems can present differently depending on whether the gland is underactive or overactive.
Symptoms of Hypothyroidism (Underactive Thyroid):
- Fatigue and low energy
- Unexplained weight gain
- Dry skin and brittle hair
- Sensitivity to cold
- Constipation
- Depression or brain fog
Symptoms of Hyperthyroidism (Overactive Thyroid):
- Rapid or irregular heartbeat
- Weight loss despite normal eating habits
- Nervousness or irritability
- Tremors in hands and fingers
- Increased sweating or heat intolerance
- Difficulty sleeping
If you notice persistent symptoms, it’s important to seek medical advice.
How Thyroid Disease Is Diagnosed
Diagnosing thyroid disease typically involves a combination of:
- Physical Exam: Checking for an enlarged thyroid or visible swelling.
- Blood Tests: Measuring levels of thyroid hormones (T3, T4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).
- Imaging Tests: Ultrasound to detect nodules or changes in thyroid structure.
- Biopsy (if needed): To rule out cancer when nodules are present.
Early and accurate diagnosis helps ensure effective treatment.
Treatment Options for Thyroid Disease
Treatment depends on the type and severity of the thyroid condition:
- Hypothyroidism: Usually treated with daily thyroid hormone replacement medication (levothyroxine).
- Hyperthyroidism: May be managed with antithyroid medications, radioactive iodine therapy, or in some cases, surgery.
- Thyroid Nodules/Goiter: Monitoring, medication, or surgery depending on size and risk factors.
- Thyroid Cancer: Treatment often involves surgery, radioactive iodine, and long-term hormone therapy.
With proper treatment and regular monitoring, most people with thyroid disease can live healthy, active lives
When to See a Doctor
If you’re experiencing symptoms like unexplained fatigue, changes in weight, or persistent mood changes, it may be worth getting your thyroid checked. A simple blood test can provide important insights.
At Greenleaf Medical Associates, our experienced physicians offer comprehensive care for thyroid disease, from diagnosis to long-term management. We’re here to help you get the answers and treatment you need.
Thyroid disease is common, but with early detection and the right treatment plan, it’s highly manageable. Don’t ignore the signs your body is giving you — taking action early can make all the difference.
For more detailed information on thyroid disease, visit the American Thyroid Association to learn about symptoms, treatments, and the latest research.
Schedule an appointment with Greenleaf Medical Associates today to discuss your thyroid health.
